Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites

The last decade has seen a growing interest in hybrid electrically conducting nanocomposites. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the present status of research in carbon nanotube–polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites, from processing to structural and property evaluations. CNT/PANI are synthesized by electrochemical and chemical processing. When chemical methods are used, the main challenge is to obtain processable CNT/PANI in the emeraldine salt (ES) form composites. Stable dispersions of ES–CNT in organic media are prepared using the post doping method, inverse emulsion polymerization, or ex situ polymerizations. On the contrary, stable water dispersions of CNT/ES are prepared using hydrophilization of a preformed CNT/ES composite, direct synthesis of micelle–CNT hybrid templates, interfacial polymerization, covalent functionalization of CNT with a water soluble polymer, or using electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged ES and CNT aqueous colloids. Moreover, the strategies for the synthesis of ternary CNT/PANI composites incorporating noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, or graphene sheets are also presented and analyzed in depth. Finally, we give a review of potential applications, including chemical sensors, capacitors, fuel cells and electronic devices.     

高纯六氟乙烷中氯化氢的傅里叶变换红外定量分析

电子行业用作清洗和蚀刻的特种气体六氟乙烷对杂质组分HCl的含量要求严格控制在一定范围,本文建立了用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析其中HCl杂质的分析方法,并实现了对产品中HCl的定量分析。     

高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝过程中镓的转化规律研究

研究了镓在高铝粉煤灰提取氧化铝工艺中的迁移转化规律。在主要生产流程中设置取样点,对镓的富集分布情况进行检测分析。结果表明:高铝粉煤灰中的镓有75%进入成品氢氧化铝,碳循环母液中镓的富集浓度最高,达到46.0 mg/L。     

Characteristic scales of two‐dimensional turbulence in polymer solutions

An experimental study has been performed to investigate the relationship between the extensional viscosity of polymers and the turbulent drag reduction. Self‐standing flowing soap film was used to generate two‐dimensional (2‐D) turbulent flow to eliminate shear stress. Two types of polymers having different flexibilities were added to the 2‐D turbulence. The effects of these polymers were visualized by the interference pattern of flowing soap films. The vortex deformation by adding polymers was analyzed by Fourier transformation and wavelet transformation. The scaling exponents of the power spectrum of interference patterns indicate that the mechanism of turbulence laminarization due to the extensional viscosity is anisotropic. A wavelet analysis reveals the high and low fluctuations of the polymer‐added flow. Results from wavelet analysis indicate disappearing of original vortices, and appearing of new structures in low frequency in 2‐D flow. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1854–1862, 2014     

基于最小二乘支持向量机测定重油中金属含量

运用微波消解样品预处理技术,对训练集光谱测试数据进行小波压缩,然后用最小二乘支持向量机建立数学模型,并用检验集光谱数据考察模型的优劣,表明小波压缩—支持向量机建立的数学模型泛化能力好。试验表明,用建立的方法,测定重油中的铁、镍和钒,使测试时间由2 d缩短为5 h,与原子吸收的测试结果一致。     

膜极距改造对盐水质量的要求及改进措施

查定了离子膜电解槽膜极距改造时盐水生产系统的各项指标,分析了引起盐水质量波动的各种因素,如一次盐水、二次盐水中的过碱量,pH值,钡、铁、硅、铝、锰、钙、镁、锶各离子含量和氯化钠的含量,以及作为生产原料的原盐、工业水、去离子水、离子膜再生水、脱硝淡盐水、高纯盐酸中的钡、铁、硅、铝、锰、钙、镁等离子的含量,并提出了相应的整改措施。     

化工建设项目初期污染雨水及消防事故废水收集系统

化工企业在火灾事故时,经常会由于设施缺失或设置不合理而外排废水,从而造成了大量水体污染事件。对设计过程中如何设置收集初期污染雨水及消防事故废水的设施进行了简要介绍,重点介绍了收集系统的分类及特点、废水储存设施有效容积的确定,及设计过程中应注意的问题。     

缸套珩磨网纹模拟及流动特性分析

目的 研究缸套珩磨网纹表面计算机模拟方法,对比缸套网纹表面确定性分析流量因子与Patir & Cheng高斯分布流量因子差异。方法 采用快速傅里叶变换技术(FFT)及坐标变换,对高斯分布平台表面及具有任意方向的各向异性沟槽表面进行了计算机模拟,并叠加合成满足要求Rpq、Rvq及珩磨角度参数的双高斯缸套珩磨网纹表面。通过表面概率支承率曲线分析,验证该方法的精度。在此基础上,进行给定边界条件下网纹表面的流动分析,对比确定性分析流量因子与Patir & Cheng高斯分布流量因子差异。结果 调整表面高度标准差、珩磨角度及自相关长度,可实现不同参数珩磨网纹的建模,生成的珩磨网纹表面参数与给定输入参数偏差较小。相比Patir & Cheng高斯分布流量因子,珩磨网纹确定性分析压力流量因子能更好地反映珩磨角度对不同方向流量的影响。同时,珩磨网纹沟槽对小间隙下剪切流量的影响更加明显。结论 网纹表面的确定性分析流量因子与Patir & Cheng高斯分布流量因子存在较大差异,缸套网纹表面建模及流动特性分析可更好地反映表面粗糙度对表面润滑性能的影响,为进一步开展缸套-活塞环多尺度摩擦学分析及珩磨网纹参数优化奠定了基础。     

基于参数解耦陷波滤波器的工业机器人末端振动抑制

六自由度工业机器人关节因传动装置刚度不足而引发末端振动,通常采用传统陷波滤波器解决该问题;但滤波器参数之间存在耦合,导致滤波器参数难以快速整定。为此,基于所建立的工业机器人双惯量负载模型设计出具有参数解耦的陷波滤波器。分析传统陷波滤波器传递函数,采用极点零点抵消法对陷波器参数进行解耦设计;将陷波器中心频率、宽度以及深度作为陷波滤波器的参数;最后,利用傅里叶变换和对数衰减法快速整定改进后的陷波器参数,以此来抑制工业机器人末端振动。搭建六自由度工业机器人实验平台进行实验。结果表明:参数解耦陷波滤波器不存在参数耦合,参数整定方便;使用参数解耦滤波器比未使用滤波器相比可降低78.5%的工业机器人定位振动,证明改进的参数解耦陷波滤波器对定位振动抑制的可行性与有效性。